MADARi Movie review

After long time there has been an urge to write something, to check out that it is still alive in me, after reading so much literary history and criticism I'm fed up of reading now it's time to scrutinize what have you learned. Words are bubling in the hemisphere, they are racing with each other to come out, through the veins, to the tip of my fingers and wanted to be black and white at somewhere. In this write up I'm going to talk about recently released Bollywood movie MDARI-2016.  This movie will inspire you to think, it will melt the frozen part within you, and for politicians this movie is trial.

Madaari (English: Puppeteer) is a 2016 Indiansocial -thriller film directed by Nishikant Kamat. It is produced by Shailesh Singh, Madan Paliwal, Sutapa Sikdar, and Shailja Kejriwal. The film stars Irrfan Khan, Vishesh Bansal, Jimmy Shergill , Tushar Dalvi and Nitesh Pandey and was released on 22 July 2016.(Wikipedia)

Though it is not liked by much of the audience but I found something relavent and something which I like, from the literary point of view this movie is better as compare to other movies released this year. Like many other movie this movie too has theme like of #angryyoungman, #curruption, #politics #Presstitution and many others. There is always a history behind crime and there is always a history behind every criminal. Plot of the movie is simple and progressive, though flash back technique is used where the protagonist goes back into his past- it answers the question why ?

The movie begins with the figure of speech,
બાજ ચુજે પર જાપટા ઉઠા લે ગયા કહાની સચ્ચિ લગતી હૈ લેકિન અચ્છી નહિ લગતી
બાજ પર પલટવાર હુઆ કહાની સચ્ચિ નહિ લગતી લેકિન સુનને મેં બડી અચ્છી લગતી હૈ.

This can be said basic story line of the movie. It occurs two times in movie, First time at the beginning and second time at the end...

The character of Nirmal(unheroic hero)is well portrayed, what he does, why he is doing, what his purpose behind doing such activity, viewers are not left with any kind of confusion regarding him. His character is just life half of the Indian man(just like Balram Halwai- in The white tiger)

The film presents the helplessness of a common man, and carelessness of those who are in power. It also presents how the media houses are operated by power- and its our irony if we believe in what we see and read on our TV screens. In fact we do not see what we want but we see only what they want us to show.

The postmodern aspects in the movie are use of various symbolisms, cunning dialogues, rustic language, common man's point of view, and memory of Nirmal  where his past is stored in fragments, bits and pieces where we visit time and again through him. And most important the movie has two alternative ends- but it is not open ended.

The title of the movie is very significant 'MADARi' it means Snake Charmer- traditionally they make snakes and monkies dance at his tune. Here Nirmal  plays the role of MADARI, To his tune all those in power dance. 

To conclude this, I remember the phrase from Animal Farm "All animals are equal" but "some animals are more equal". It has been more than 70 years we are independent and living in democratic country- where all human being should be equal without any kind of political, social or any other kind of differences but it is not possible even after 70 years of democracy and freedom. We are still ruled by uneducated mindless people- where every everybody do not get equal opportunity- in fact we do not chose whom to vote but they chose to whom we have to vote. In the same way this movie suggest that "All human beings are equal in democracy- but some human beings are more equal".

Pure Blood in Harry Potter: An antithesis to idea of Pure Blood

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Department of English

Maharaja Krishnkumarsinhji Bhavnagar University 

Name:-                                   Parmar Milankumar L.

Roll No. :-                              14

Enrollment no.:-                 pg14101026

Course name:-                     New Literature

Topic of an assignment:- Pure Blood in Harry Potter: an anti-thesis to idea of

                                                Pure Blood

Submitted to :-                     Dr. Dilip Barad,

                                                  Head of the department

                                                  Department of English (MKBU)

Abstract :-

Idea or the concept of the Pure-Blood is not new phenomenon. At a first glance, the Harry potter universe seems to have little racial tension. J.K Rowling has created a multicultural state or a racial utopia. Blood status suggests that Muggles and wizards can be treated as racial groups. She has given anti-thesis of the idea of Pure-blood by presenting Harry as protagonist belonging to the Half Blood. She has broken the idea of pure blood but still there remains white race superiority.

The idea of pure blood or master race is age old, but it became prominent in the days of Hitler and Nazis. An idea that world should only be ruled by Master race or one who belongs to pure blood, and rest should serve them. They thought they have right to rule over others. Nazis declared that the Nordics were the true Aryans because they were much less racially mixed with people who were non-native to the European continent. Based on this idea that Nordic people were superior to all other races, the Nazis believed they were chosen people to expand the territory. They wanted to make the world of the pureblood only. And that was resulted in today’s problem called racism. The book series Harry Potter is written by American female writer J.K. Rowling between 1996 and 2007. It is largely regarded as the children’s literature and it is very popular throughout the world. As she had been writing in America it’s inevitable for her that America and its society would not get reflected. Thus it’s obvious that there will be some issues regarding race. Though at some level race remains hidden but, not completely. 

  

Let’s start with some positive points regarding race in Harry potter

The racial utopia

At a first glance, the Harry potter universe seems to have nothing like racism. There are number of non-white characters including fellow Gryffindors, Lee Jordon, Dean Thomas, Angelina Johnson, and Parvati and Padma Patil, and Cho Chang. None of the characters’ race is directly or indirectly identified. She has created universe which is not based on racial identity, rather it seems like melting pot, a multicultural state. These multiculturalism in her universe exist, she used it to show how race or pure blood has no real meaning in her magical universe. Perhaps she wants to show the reader a racial utopia.

The racial utopia of the Harry Potter series falls squarely within the neo-conservative racial ideology (Omi & Winant). According to this ideology, race is assumed to be socially constructed and racial justice is pursued via a color-blind society in which everyone pursues the American/ British dream by “lifting themselves up by the bootstraps” (i.e., a“just world” that rewards good choices and a strong work ethic). “It is our choices, Harry, that show what we truly are, far more than our [biological or God-given] abilities,’” says Dumbledore (Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets- 333), who later reminds Fudge, the Minister of Magic, that what people grow to be is much more important than what they were when they were born (Goblet of Fire 708). Accordingly, for neo-conservatives, the belief that race (a biological or God-given characteristic) does not matter is typically grounded in one or both of two seemingly contradictory but actually compatible beliefs—that “we” are all the same (i.e., “humans” or “Americans” or “Muggles”) or that each one of us is a unique person.( Lyubansky)

Blood status: Race

Harry potter the most popular American book series by J.K. Rowling has been criticized by many critics on the variety of grounds. Most of the critics argued it as racial text. Rowling intended to comment on race by focusing on blood status and elf rights. Her treatment of these topics provides ample opportunity to examine both contemporary and historical race relations. Racism in America has been very serious issue. Racism is dangerous for the progress, development and peace of the America.

“Racism refers to the belief that race accounts for differences in human character or ability and that a particular race is superior to others. The emphasis on lineage and blood status suggests that Muggles and wizards can be treated as racial groups.”( Lyubansky)

Rowling has smartly presented the tendency of some wizards to place a premium on pure blood (that is, on pure breeding) and treating half-bloods and Muggles as second-class citizens is an obvious parallel to our own society’s history of oppression of Blacks and obsession about interracial sex and marriage. An American scholar MIKHAIL LYUBANSKY fairly observed that a number of characters, including Draco and Lucius Malfoy, explicitly espouse the superiority of pure blood, but this racist attitude may be best personified by the portrait of Sirius’s mother:

“Filth! Scum! By-products of dirt and vileness! Half-breeds, mutants, freaks, begone from this place! How dare you befoul the house of my fathers. . . . Yoooou!” she howled, her eyes popping at the sight of the man [Sirius]. “Blood traitor, abomination, shame of my fl esh!” (Order of the Phoenix 78)

This quote shows that half-bloods (i.e., those of both Muggle and wizard parentage) are subhuman and undesirable, and that their very presence threatens the purity and cleanliness of both their surroundings and their selves and thus they want to keep their blood pure.

Anti-thesis to Pure Blood Concept

The idea and concept of the superiority of the Master race or belonging to pure blood do not play active role in Harry Potter. Infect Rowling has given anti-thesis of the idea of Pure blood by presenting harry as protagonist belonging to the Half Blood. In a way she has broken down the concept of superiority of the pure blood.

Ideas related to Pure-blood are, they are superior then others, they have power to rule over other, they are most powerful, they are the savior, to make a universe pure. But these concepts are broken down by Rowling in her work where the protagonist is Muggle blood or half-blood child became the savior of the Hogwart universe. Whereas the idea of pure blood presented by the character of the Voldemort(He himself is Half-blood ) who wanted to create a world where only pure blood will exist. “Although not as obvious as the racialization of magical creatures, the bloodline status of wizards themselves can be interpreted as offering racial commentary. Voldemort's obsession with blood purification closely parallels similar racial logics employed in 20th century Europe and America, logics that championed the supposed superiority of White peoples (Whited 7). In addition, his war to cleanse the wizarding world of mixed-bloods holds unnerving parallels to many historical ethnic-cleansing campaigns, including those conducted by Nazi Germany. In much the same fashion as the Nazis, Voldemort wishes to "impose a version of the Nuremberg Laws on England”. (Nejad) The concept of pure blood in the novel is constructed to criticize those who support it, to convince that this idea itself growing out from the ignorance and arrogance.  

Thus the novel broke down the thesis of the pure blood as superior and savior of the world. Actually her world seems more like Darwinian socialism, where the powerful rules the rest other. Here only those can live who can sustain. In this world Harry is growing more and more powerful day by day, and Voldemort becoming less powerful as time passes. The world once ruled by Voldemort, now it will be ruled by Harry Potter. It’s like a Jungle Raj where the powerful and strong animal eats up the less stronger and powerful. Like when Harry becomes more powerful than Voldemort, he killed Voldemort.

Antithesis to the antithesis of pure blood can be stated as the stories are almost exclusively told through the eyes of White characters who don’t notice race, we really don’t (can’t!) know anything about the reality of the non-White characters. All major characters in the Harry Potter whether its good or evil, every one of these characters is white and English, and the wizarding world and its conflicts are entirely narrated through the eyes of White characters. All other races are mere spectators, their future are in the hands of this selected group of white wizards, or if any other race present at all play nearly no role in major happenings of the novel. As rightly quoted by Nejad “All other races are merely spectators, their futures in the hands of this select group of White wizards. Minorities, if present at all, play nearly no role in the major happenings of the novels. Cho Chang, an East Asian classmate of Harry's, serves as a love interest to multiple characters in the series but is not developed any further. Angelina Johnson and Dean Thomas, both members of Harry's Gryffindor house, are of African descent but play little role in the central plot of the works. Despite their presence, these "non-White characters barely seem to exist" and serve only minor, replaceable roles.

Thus it can be said that, she has created a racial utopia; a multicultural state which has little racism. Second thing she has fairly broken the idea of pure blood by not only putting muggle born protagonist but also make him victorious, but still there it remains there, why Harry is white child and not black one? it is because at some level in her mind still there is a wish to see white as a savior, and thus our protagonist is not other than white.

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Works Cited

Nejad, K. (n.d.). Literal and Metaphorical: Racial Themes in Harry Potter.

Lyubansky, Mikhail. "A Black Boy Even Taller than Ron: Racial dynamics in Harry Potter." The Psychology of Harry Potter: An Unauthorized Examination of the Boy Who Lived. Ed.Neil Mulholland. Dallas: BenBella Books, 2006. 233-248. Print

Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. New York, NY: Scholastic Press, 2003. Print.

http://harrypotter.wikia.com/wiki/Blood_Status

Online Journalism (Digital Journalism )

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Department of English

Maharaja Krishnkumarsinhji Bhavnagar University

Name:-                                   Parmar Milankumar L.

Roll No. :-                             14

Enrollment no.:-                 pg14101026

Course name:-                   Mass communications and Media studies

Topic of an assignment:-Online Journalism (Digital Journalism )

Submitted to :-                    Dr. Dilip Barad,

                                                  Head of the department

                                                  Department of English (MKBU)

Ë         Introduction

The word journal or journalist has their origin in the French word the journal meaning a book and it has its origin in turn in the Roman word ‘Diurnalis’. Journalism has its childhood back in around 130b.c. in roman, where two hand written bulletins were putting in to the public square. Which were known as ‘Acta- Diurrna’. This was probably the first news paper dealing with events.  

From 130B.c to the present time journalism has grown up much. It has moved far from its origin in Roman to the present globalized world. The journey of the journalism in that course of time is that of from stone to print media, print to digital media which remained yet very popular form of journalism. But since last two decades of the 21^st century journalism has grown one more step ahead, now it turned from stone to print, print to broadcasting, and now from broadcasting to online journalism; Online journalism also known as digital journalism. The good thing about this long process of journalism is that it has included the previous form of journalism without any kind of the harm to previous one. Twenty first century is century of digital revolution. The world is digitalizing than why journalism left behind?

First let’s see what is journalism and then we will come to our point what is online journalism, according to Wikipedia page “Journalism is gathering, processing, and dissemination of News and information related to news, to an audience.  The word applies to the method of inquiring for news, the literary style which is used to disseminate it, and the activity (professional or not) of journalism. The media that journalism uses vary diversely and include: content published via newspapers and magazines (print), television and radio (broadcast), and their digital media versions — news websites and applications. (Wikipedia)

Ë  Role of Journalism

Lippmann saw Journalism's role “at the time as acting as a mediator or translator between the public and policy-making elites. The journalist became the middleman. When elites spoke, journalists listened and recorded the information, distilled it, and passed it on to the public for their consumption. Lippmann put it this way: The public is not smart enough to understand complicated political issues. It was also to act as a watchdog over the elites, as the public had the final say with their votes.

There are various types of Journalism they are as below

Ø Advocacy journalism

Ø Broadcast journalism

Ø Citizen journalism (participatory journalism)

Ø Data journalism

Ø Gonzo journalism

Ø Digital journalism

Ø Investigative journalism

Ø Photojournalism

Ø Sensor journalism

Ø Tabloid journalism

Ø Yellow journalism (sensationalism)

Ë   Digital journalism

The role and status of journalism, along with that of the mass media, has undergone profound changes over the last two decades with the advent of digital technology and publication of news on the Internet.

There is no clear cut definition of digital journalism. Mu Lin argues that "Web and mobile platforms demand us to adopt a platform-free mindset for an all inclusive production approach – create the (digital) contents first, then distribute via appropriate platforms." For Deuze, online journalism can be functionally differentiated from other kinds of journalism by its technological component which journalists have to consider when creating or displaying content. The difference between tradition journalism and the digital journalism can be in its role of reporter and its relation with audience and organization. The expectation of audience (society) for instant news and information has given birth to digital journalism. But still we can’t firmly say that this is digital journalism, for that we have to wait for time to pass.

Ë   History of Digital journalism

Like the other forms of journalism, at present we see as digital journalism has undergone very long process and still this process is ongoing. 

v The first type of digital journalism, called teletext, was invented in the UK in 1970. Teletext is a system allowing viewers to choose which stories they wish to read and see it immediately.

v After the invention of teletext was the invention of videotex, of which Prestel was the world’s first system, launching commercially in 1979 with various British newspapers such as the Financial Times lining up to deliver newspaper stories online through it.

v Online news websites began to proliferate in the 1990s. An early adopter was The News & Observer in Raleigh. "Nando evolved into the first serious, professional news site on the World Wide Web".

v By 1996, most news outlets had an online presence. And it was very convenient to reader that it has text, video and audio at a time. And reader has choice what to read and when to read.

v In 2001 the American Journalism Review called Salon the Internet's "preeminent independent venue for journalism."

v In 2008, for the first time, more Americans were getting their national and international news from the internet, rather than newspapers. Young people aged 18 to 29 now primarily get their news via the Internet, according to a Pew Research Center report. Sixty-five percent of youth now primarily access the news online.

v Blogs are also another digital journalism phenomenon capable of fresh information, ranging from personal sites to those with audiences of hundreds of thousands. Digital journalism is involved in the cloud journalism phenomenon, a constant flow of contents in the Broadband Society.

v The Online News Association, founded in 1999, is the largest organization representing online journalists, with more than 1,700 members whose principal livelihood involves gathering or producing news for digital presentation.

v Hyperlocal journalism is journalism within a very small community. Hyperlocal journalism, like other types of digital journalism, is very convenient for the reader and offers more information than former types of journalism. It is free or inexpensive.

Ë Impact of digital journalism

When the new things or new ways of something come it in one or other way has its impact on the traditional way of doing the things. The same things happened when there was new flaw of digital journalism. It has its impact on the traditional media ways of journalism and thus on the readers. Here are some points which are regarded as the impact of its…

 (Paxson., 2010)

v Digital journalism allows for connection and discussion at levels that print does not offer on its own. People can comment on articles and start discussion boards to discuss articles. This was not possible before this, reader and the writer never met or can interact with each other. People add to the story and connect with other people who want to discuss the topic.

v Digital journalism creates an opportunity for niche audiences, allowing people to have more options as to what to view and read.

v Digital journalism opens up new ways of storytelling; through the technical components of the new medium, digital journalists can provide a variety of media, such as audio, video, and digital photography.

v Online sources are able to provide quick, efficient, and accurate reporting of breaking news in a matter of seconds, providing society with a synopsis of events as they occur.

v News consumers must become Web literate and use critical thinking to evaluate the credibility of sources. Because it is possible for anyone to write articles and post them on the Internet, the definition of journalism is changing. Because it is becoming increasingly simple for the average person to have an impact in the news world through tools like blogs.

v The interaction between the writer and consumer is new, and this can be credited to digital journalism. There are many ways to get personal thoughts on the Web.

v This form of journalism has pushed journalists to reform and evolve. Older journalists who are not tech savvy have felt the blunt force of this. In recent months, a number of older journalists have been pushed out and younger journalists brought in because of their lower cost and ability to work in advanced technology settings. (wikipedia)

Ë        Digital journalism and traditional journalism

Many newspapers, such as the New York Times, have created online sites to remain competitive and have taken advantage of audio, video, and text linking to remain at the top of news consumers' lists. Indian news papers like The Times of India (www.timesofindia.com), Indian Express (www.indianexpress.com)and other publication also has their own news websites like The Hindu(www.thehindu.com).

Figure 1

                                      The Times of India Web Site

Newspapers and TV cable are at a disadvantage because they generally can only put together stories when an ample amount of detail and information are available. Often, newspapers have to wait for the next day, or even two days later if it is a late-breaking story, before being able to publish it. People are now able to find the news they want, when they want, without having to leave their homes or pay to receive the news.

The Internet has created a faster, cheaper way for people to get news out, thus creating the shift in ad sales from standard newspapers to the Internet. Many newspapers and individual print journalists have been forced out of business because of the popularity of digital journalism. Because of this, many people have viewed digital journalism as the death of journalism.

Students wishing to become journalists now need to be familiar with digital journalism in order to be able to contribute and develop journalism skills. Some of the quality require in digital journalism are…

They have to be quick,

Who can update their stories within minutes.

Able to infer credible information.

Some critics believe that newspapers should not switch to a solely Internet-based format, but instead keep a component of print as well as digital. in order to keep up with the transition from print to web.

Digital journalism allows citizens and readers the opportunity to join in on threaded discussions relating to a news article that has been read by the public. These threads can provide useful information to writers of digital journalism so that future articles can be pruned and improved to possibly create a better article the next time around.

The Internet has also given rise to more participation by people who are not normally journalists. Bloggers write on web logs or blogs. Traditional journalists often do not consider bloggers to automatically be journalists. This has more to do with standards and professional practices than the medium.

Other significant tools of on-line journalism are Internet forums, discussion boards and chats, especially those representing the Internet version of official media. Often this gives a unique chance to find new, alternative solutions to the conflict, but often the Internet is turned into the battlefield by contradicting parties creating endless "online battles." Internet radio and podcasts are other growing independent media based on the Internet.

Ë        Blogs

The increasing improvements in the field of digital journalism gave new rise to journalism in form of bloggers. Blogs can be seen as a new genre of journalism because of their “narrative style of news characterized by personalization” that moves away from traditional journalism’s approach, changing journalism into a more conversational and decentralized type of news. Blogging allows readers and journalists to be opinionated about the news and talk about it in an open environment. By allowing comments, the reader can interact with a story instead of just absorbing the words on the screen. According to one 2007 study, 15% of those who read blogs read them for news.

Ë  Citizen journalism

This allows anyone who wants to share something they deem important that has happened in their community. Individuals who are not professional journalists who present news through their blogs or websites are often referred to as citizen journalists. One does not need a degree to be a citizen journalist. Anyone can record events happening and send it anywhere they wish, or put it on their website.

For citizen journalism to be effective and successful there needs to be citizen editors, their role being to solicit other people to provide accurate information and to mediate interactivity among users.

The Internet also offers options such as personalized news feeds and aggregators, which compile news from different websites into one site. One of the most popular news aggregators is Google News. Others include Topix.net, and TheFreeLibrary.com. (wikipedia)

Conclusion:-

Digital journalism is very popular now days, people access news and information so easily and quickly, cheaply, and they can access what they want and whenever they want. It gives everybody the right of freedom of expression. But with all these there are several disadvantages also, like reliability and authenticity lacks in online journalism. It is threat to traditional journalism and print media.     

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Works Cited

Paxson., P. (2010). The Internet. In P. Paxson., & P. Paxson (Ed.), Mass communications and media studies : an introduction (pp. 144-148). London, 11 York Road, , London: The Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd.

wikipedia. (n.d.). wikipedia. Retrieved march 21, 2016, from wikipedia.org: www.wikipedia.com/digital_journalism

Wikipedia. (n.d.). Wikipedia.org. Retrieved March 17, 2016, from Wikipedia.org: www.wikipidea.com/journalism

Presentations Semester - 4

13. New Literature

Eros and thanatos in Sense of an Ending by Julian Barnes from Parmar milan


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14. African Literature

Empire:Writing, History and Torture in waiting for Barbarian by ,waiting for barbarian J.m. coetzee from Parmar milan

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15. Mass media and Mass communication 

Types of communication from Parmar milan

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